What is Git and Github?
Git is a distributed version control system that is used to track the changes (different versions of the software) made by many different people (distributed) to the repository (where the software is stored) of the software. It helps developers to easily submit those changes which are made to the source code just by executing a few git commands. Whenever a developer makes any changes to the code and wants them to be merged with the official repository of the project then he/she has to make a pull request which will eventually submit those changes to the repository.
At a time, thousands of people push changes to the same repository and keeping track of all these changes is very difficult. For this, we need a version control system. In this post, we will discuss the various git commands which we can use for creating a branch, checking the status, pushing the changes, updating the project and much more.
For doing all of this we will be using a website called GitHub where we can host our open source projects and is based on git version control system.
Before diving deep lets first understand all the git commands which we will be using in this blog post.
Git commands:
| Command | Description |
| git clone | To clone the repository from GitHub |
| git init | Initialize the git repository |
| git add . | To add files to the staging area |
| git status | Check files in the staging area |
| git commit -m âmessageâ | Committing changes with a commit message |
| git checkout | Used to switch between branches |
| git merge | To merge your own branch with the master branch |
| git remote add origin | Adding a remote repository |
| git push | Pushing local changes to the remote server i.e on GitHub |
There are even more git commands which you can go through which are available here.
Recommended Books to learn Git & GitHub
Git: The Ultimate Guide for Beginners: Learn Git Version Control
Pragmatic Version Control Using Git: 01
Using Git Commands on GitHub
Firstly, to use git commands with GitHub you will need a GitHub account, if you donât have one then you can create it here.
After creating an account login and click on â+â icon at the top-right and select âNew repositoryâ to create a new GitHub repository. You will see the below screen where you have to enter the details related to your repository like the name of the repository, description, choose whether you want to make your repository public or private and lastly, you can choose whether to initialize your repository with a README.md file or not. After that, you can select a license for your repository and then create the repository.
If you want to run git commands on Windows or Mac systems then you have to install Git through this link. And if you are using Linux you can run this command inside your terminal: sudo apt-get install git (for Debian) or sudo yum install git (for Fedora).
Before you can make changes or add files to the repository you first have to clone the repository from GitHub on to your local machine by pressing the button âclone or downloadâ from your repository page or just by running the command which is shown below.
git clone https://github.com/sahilbhosale63/FirstRepo.git
Here in the place of âsahilbhosale63â, you have to put your own username and in place of âFirstRepo.gitâ you have to add your own GitHub repository name. Make sure that your repository name mentioned here matches your actual repository name. If this is not the case then you will get an error.
Now that you have the project locally available on your system you can make changes to this project locally and then you can follow the steps below to push this project onto your GitHub repository.
The changes can vary depending upon the needs of what exactly you want to do like fixing an issue or writing some snippets of documentation, etc. It doesnât matter what exactly you want to do the commands used to push the changes to the remote server remains the same.
Initially, go inside the folder (in this case FirstRepo) from your terminal and then you have to initialize the repository. This is the primary step that you have to do when you are initially pushing changes to the remote server i.e on your GitHub repository.
git init
After that, you have to tell git that which files you want to upload on to the staging area, all the files which are available locally or only the files in which you have made the changes.
To add all of the files inside the folder to the staging area you have to run git add . or for a specific file use git add [file-name.txt]
In this case, we will be creating a file called âsampleâ using gedit sample which is a text file and will be adding this file to the staging area.
Before you can do anything else you have to add your name and email address using the following command.
git config --global user.name 'Your Name' git config --global user.email 'youremail@domain.com'
To check whatâs in the staging area we can use the command below.
Since we have previously added the âsampleâ file to the staging area therefore when we run git status command we can see that files which we have added in the staging area.If you want to remove any file from the staging area you can run the command below. Here, the âsampleâ is the name of a file.
git rm --cached sample
Now after you have done with adding files to the staging area you can now commit those changes for that you have to run the following command.
git commit -m "Initial Commit"
Since we have previously added the âsampleâ file to the staging area therefore when we run git status command we can see that files which we have added in the staging area.If you want to remove any file from the staging area you can run the command below. Here, the âsampleâ is the name of a file.
git rm --cached sample
Now after you have done with adding files to the staging area you can now commit those changes for that you have to run the following command.
Here, the â-mâ stands for a message where you have to enter your commit message meaning you have to write a message about what changes you have made so that whenever you push these changes on the GitHub other people working on that project can easily recognize these changes.
In this case, we will enter âInitial Commitâ as our commit message. You can put whatever you want to until and unless it is related to the changes which you have made.
Now that we have committed these changes lets talk about the concept of branches in git.Till now whatever we were doing was directly onto the master branch (our project on the remote location). So if you have not created any branch then whenever you commit changes it will by default apply to the master branch. But this is not a proper way of committing changes instead we can create a separate branch and make our changes on that branch.
To create a new branch.
git branch FirstBranch
You can give whatever name you want to your branch here we have given âFirstBranchâ.
But if you run the git status command then it will tell you that you are still on the master branch. So to switch to the âFirstBranchâ branch which we have created run the following command.
git checkout FirstBranch
Letâs create a new file called login.html using touch login.html command and add it to the staging area by using git add . and then commit it using git commit -m 'Login File' through the âFirstBranchâ branch.
Now to merge the changes which we have made in the âFirstBranchâ with the âmasterâ branch then we have to first switch to the master branch by git checkout master command. And then merge those changes using git merge Firstbranch command.
Finally, to push all of these changes to the remote repository on GitHub you have to run the following two commands.
//To add origin
git remote add origin
https://github.com/sahilbhosale63/FirstRepo.git
//To push changes
git push -u origin master
Here it will ask you to enter your GitHub credentials, so enter your username and password and after that, all your local changes will be pushed onto your GitHub repository. You can go to your repository page on GitHub where you will see your changes live.
Here it will ask you to enter your GitHub credentials, so enter your username and password and after that, all your local changes will be pushed onto your GitHub repository. You can go to your repository page on GitHub where you will see your changes live.
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